Mexico has a federal presidential representative democratic republic, meaning that the government is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the law in Mexico, and it is divided into several different types of courts.
The highest court in Mexico is the Supreme Court of Justice, which is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the Constitution. The Supreme Court is made up of 11 judges who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Below the Supreme Court are the Circuit Courts, which are divided into civil, criminal, and labor divisions. These courts handle cases that involve federal laws and regulations, and they also have the power to review decisions made by lower courts. The next level of courts in Mexico is the District Courts, which are responsible for handling cases that involve state and local laws and regulations. There are District Courts in each of Mexico's 31 states, as well as in the Federal District (which includes Mexico City).
Finally, Mexico has a system of local courts called Justicias de Paz, which handle minor civil and criminal cases at the local level. The legal process in Mexico generally follows the same steps as in other countries. A case begins when someone files a complaint or lawsuit, and the case is then assigned to a judge. The parties involved in the case have the opportunity to present evidence and make their arguments, and the judge then makes a decision based on the law and the evidence presented. If one of the parties is not satisfied with the decision of the judge, they have the option to appeal the case to a higher court. The appeals process can take several months or even years, depending on the complexity of the case and the backlog of cases in the courts.
Overall, the legal system in Mexico is designed to ensure that the law is applied fairly and consistently, and to protect the rights of individuals and businesses. It is important for anyone living or doing business in Mexico to understand the legal system and the rights and responsibilities that it imposes.